THE CORRELATION BETWEEN BEHAVIOR AND MATHEMATICAL INTELLEGENT OF
THE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
Eva Sulistya
Rini
Faculty of Education English
Education Department State Islamic Colledge of Ponorogo
085736856536
evasulistyarini01@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between
behavior and mathematical intelligence of the elementary school. Mindset that children
ages ranging between 7-8 years or at the basic level
are particularly vulnerable to the loss
of concentration in the study, the concentration of children's learning at this level is no more than 2
minutes. While mathematics
requires full concentration in
understanding.. When the loss of concentration that children begin to
act aggressively and
trying to act that arguably little bit
naughty. Behaviors that are considered part of
"delinquency" is apparently not the only or main cause the child's difficult to learn math. To support this,
the need to understand the
characteristics of the students and teachers about
the learning process, especially in the lower grade.
Key
word : Behavior, teacher’s role, mathematical intelligence
1.
INTRODUCTION
For each of the students, learning
is something that is very saturated and
boring. A demand imposed on them for us
adults is a trivial thing.
Often encountered in real life, many children who have difficulty in learning coupled with the demands of parents who want
their children without their
smart instantly know
the actual psychology of the child. Significant changes in behavior caused not 100% of the fault
of the child, the role of parents and the surrounding
environment is forming
the child's character is more evident. While
we know that, learning
is an activity that is consciously
and intentionally, and the full responsibility
of adults to children is done so that the resulting interaction of the two
so that the child reaches adulthood he aspired and
on going.
Hilgard and Bower, in
book Theories of Learning (1975) suggests
that “Learning-related changes in a person's behavior toward something specific
situations caused by repeated experiences in that situation, where changes in
behavior that can not be explained or basic innate response tendencies,
maturation, or the circumstances of one's momentary (e.g. fatigue, influence
medicine, and so on)”
Morgan, in book Introduction to Psychology (1978) suggests that “Learning
is any relatively permanent change in behavior that occurs as a result of
training or experience.”[1]
Of the two definitions that represent some of the definitions
above, it can be argued that some important elements which characterize the
notion of learning itself are "learning is a change in behavior related to
personality and psychological through the experience relatively".
Learning is a process that led to the occurrence of a
change or renewal in behavior or skill. What changes and what kind of behavior
that can affect a child's learning. And learning influenced by several factors
and these factors are divided into two groups:
a.
Factors
that exist in a person or what we call individual factors. (e.g. maturity,
intelligence, training, motivation and personal factors)
b.
Factors
that are outside of one's self or what we call the social factor. (e.g. family,
teachers and the way of teaching, the tools are used in teaching and social
motivation)[2].
Studied except maturity, intelligence
also helped play a role. Child who have a lifespan of which same, level his
class also alike will but not yet necessarily the level of his understanding
else are also equally. So Howard Gardner sorts out the type of basic human
intelligence (Linguistic, logical-mathematical, musical, spatial,
bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal and intrapersonal).[3] Logical-mathematical
intelligence, involves the ability to appreciate and utilize numerical,
abstract, and logical reasoning to solve
problem.
. The purpose
of this paper is
to identify the
behavior of low-age children or
elementary school, to identify the learning
process especially low intelligence or
mathematics children of primary school age, and
the latter to clarify
the relationship between the behavior of the mathematical
intelligence of children of primary school age. And
in my writing, I will discuss the relationship between the behaviors of
students with mathematical intelligence. Before we examine more deeply about
the relationship of the behavior and
intelligence of a child's math, how much
better we get to know more about what is meant
by the behavior and what is meant by mathematical
intelligence globally.
2.
THE BEHAVIOR AND MATHEMATIC INTELLIGENCE IN FACT
International Association for the
Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IAEA) published its findings on
Indonesian primary school (SD) students learning achievement in reading ability
where the rank of Indonesia is number 26 of 27 countries. Math’s ability of
Indonesian junior high school (SMP) students is number 34 of 38 countries.
Awhile, learning achievement of SMP students on natural sciences is number 32
of 38 countries. Thence, we can say the aim of our national education as stated
in the Education Law no. 20 year 2003 is still not real. The Education process
in schools mostly is carried out by forwarding information and informing the
texts of books only (T. Raka Joni, 2005: 2).[4]
Lack of focus on the development of moral law or the
establishment of the child's personality from an early age to make the word "late" it becomes possible to
be disclosed. child's behavior was highly influential
to the success in achieving the learning process. Thus, if we look at the culture in
Indonesia, such as corruptions, cheating, no
discipline, fraud, bribery. This is a
poor moral cultivation,
which has been there
when we were in kindergarten or kindergarten through
graduate school. How
can we improve as a moral nation
that became our
teacher is morally
bad, too. We do
not have to think about the
human resources that are less good, but think about
how to change the mindset that our human
resources in order to develop
maximum.
Maybe we minded, why think about the child's behavior and what to do with the child's behavior mindset, perception, and their
intelligence, whereas in western countries there
even many that
are considered morally worse,
like sex everywhere,
lack of care with
others, and fortifications religion is less strong,
but has intelligence
above average we
are located in
the eastern countries like Indonesia in particular, which has pretty
much comparison when
seen with the naked eye. Culture so that
they gradually started
to go well for our country. Be added concern that
parents will gadget
that this phenomenon is a disease of young children to
old people, and we can not
prevent and deny
it all. Gadget and policy in its use
is still a discourse, we need the stuff
to support our knowledge in any field, but
it also can
make the goods destroyed
everything what should we do.
Goods that bias
became very close
friends and we
think the benefits will be a bias but also very cruel enemy, because it can kill
our careers. As adults we sometimes just
can not be wise especially
children.
3.
A BRIEF REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Piaget (1950) states that every child has its own way of interpreting and adapting to its
environment (the theory of cognitive
development). According to him, every
child has the cognitive
structures called schemata, the system
concept you have in mind as a result of an
understanding of the existing
objects in the environment. Behavior is something that a person does that can be
observed, measured, and repeated. When we clearly define behavior, we
specifically describe actions. We do not refer to personal motivation, internal processes, or feelings. Based
on these descriptions, the children's learning behavior is influenced by
aspects of the in-itself
and its environment.[5] Both of these may not
be separated because the process of learning occurs
in the context of the interaction
of the child with the environment
and influenced the behavior
of a child learning
patterns are applied by the surrounding environment.
There
is a behavioral theory that has a
recommendation on a child's learning difficulty is that teachers should
be more focus on academic skills needed
by the child rather
than to focus on shortcomings that hinder the child to learn. There are a variety of characters on the students who are
very difficult to guess. Psychological disorder in
children is including factors in the child of
a very influenced by the surrounding environment,
thus forming a diverse personality. As for the kinds of behavioral disorders that can affect student performance is very difficult to determine a
pattern. Who would like to be discussed
in this paper is the problems to the aggressiveness
of behavior affecting a child's mathematical
intelligence. There are children who fail in subjects like math that shows an inability to finish but
so easy to complete
courses that are given as IPA, PKN, IPS and others. Outline learning
difficulties associated with developmental
disorders include motor and perception,
learning and communication
difficulties, and learning difficulties
in adjusting social
behavior.
Conduct disorder usually appears on almost all age stages
with distinctive characteristics
of each, from the level of the most mild
to severe. Especially in children
of primary school age, behavioral
disorders are the
most common learning disorders, concentration
problems and hyperactivity,
emotional disorders, as well as delinquency or violation
of the rules. Indicators of
behavioral disorders such as: developmental disabilities, developmental setbacks, the frequency and intensity
of behaviors that are too high or low, behavior
changes suddenly, behavior that
does not fit the situation, severe behavior disorders, behavior that is qualitatively different
from normal conditions
(Wicks-Nelson &
Israel, 2006).[6]
Because
of the difficulty of
classifying pupils which is difficult or
easy to accept, especially math lesson that is
often dreaded by children age levels low to high
age children age levels
as King of subjects.
Mathematics organized from elements
that are not defined, the definitions, axioms, and postulates where
the arguments after unsubstantiated generally applicable, because that mathematics is often called deductive
science (Russefendi, 1988: 23)[7].
Johnson dan Rising dalam Russefendi (1972)
Math
is a pattern of thinking, organizing pattern, proving
that a logical, mathematics
is a language that uses terms defined carefully, with a clear and
accurate representation of symbols and dense, more
of a symbolic language about ideas than
about sound. Mathematics
is an organized knowledge
structure, the properties of the theories deductively
made based on the
elements that are not defined, axioms, or
properties that have
unsubstantiated theory is the study of the regularity of the pattern or idea,
and that mathematics
is an art, there
is a beauty on
chronological and harmony. Mathematics is the science of logic, the shape, structure,
size, and concepts
related to each other. Mathematics
is divided into three major parts of algebra, analysis and geometry.
But there is the
notion that mathematics is divided
into four sections, namely arithmetic, algebraic, geometric
and arithmetic analysis
include number theory and statistics (James and James: 1976).[8]
It can be concluded that mathematics is
a structured knowledge deductively and mathematical concepts obtained because the
process of thinking, because it
is the basis of the
formation of mathematical logic.
Mathematics taught in elementary school include three branches, namely
arithmetic, algebra, and geometry. By
S. Dali Naga
(1980:1), arithmetic or numeracy is a branch of mathematics concerning the nature of the relationships real numbers
with them especially
with regard to the calculation of the sum, subtraction, multiplication,
and division. Briefly
arithmetic is arithmetic
or knowledge of numbers..[9]
Usefulness of mathematics: Mathematics as other sciences, such as in biology, physics
and others. Mathematics
can be used in
everyday life, for example in trade, measurement,
prediction / estimation,
statistics, and so
on.[10]
often the kids still do not understand about the importance of
learning math for
the next life for them, might be able to make one
of the reasons they do not
want to learn the lessons of science is
considered as another waiter
was less captured
the hearts of our students to
love learning. awareness
or motivation to
the development of science teachers
instilled a lesson not only in mathematics but also
the knowledge that
others are still considered
to be less. especially coupled with
the diverse characteristics of our students today. development
of children in today's increasingly astounding, quite different in comparison with the past, that every
child has a moral
and regulatory compliance are slightly higher than
the days now.
4. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Of some facts which we examined together of phenomena that are
all around us and is connected with the
definitions of some of the
theories and opinions of experts in
the field are still many gaps occurred. And
we need to
straighten the joint. Of why children learn math difficulties
and poor behavior
can affect their
understanding of mathematics itself?
Cognitive psychology is
closely related to the learning process, the process of thinking and curiosity of a
child. Psychological process is
the ability of perception,
language, memory, attention, concept formation, problem
solving, and so forth (Lerner, 1988:177). Children
who have learning
disabilities definite psychological
processes that may be required in school. In receipt
of information every child has a different
reasoning and the
difference it affects a child's learning process. There are several categorical
of learning styles
are: Visual, Auditory,
and Kinesthetic. So
we need to know the appropriate behavior for
children who will have learning styles as specified
earlier. Behavioral psychology to
try to contribute to dealing with
children who are in the learning disabilities and behavioral analysis to
understand the stages of learning.
Strategy resulting in a combined analysis
of behavioral and learning stages premises
will facilitate teachers
provide appropriate instruction for their
students. Lack of proper strategies
in teaching evaluations can be used to discover
new strategies that
can support children in learning
comprehension. Teachers are required
to be creative and professional in this regard.
According to Lerner (1981:357)
there are some characteristics
of the child's mathematical
learning disabilities, namely:
1)
The existence of disturbances in spatial
relations.
The concept of spatial relations such as top-down, far-close, high-low, front-and rear-end early. This elementary school children should have mastered this concept, but for children with learning difficulties, it becomes very issue, because it is related to the concept and social communication. They are generally difficult to understand the relationship of space, because the brain dysfunction and social environment that can not support their understanding of the concept of the space relationship.
The concept of spatial relations such as top-down, far-close, high-low, front-and rear-end early. This elementary school children should have mastered this concept, but for children with learning difficulties, it becomes very issue, because it is related to the concept and social communication. They are generally difficult to understand the relationship of space, because the brain dysfunction and social environment that can not support their understanding of the concept of the space relationship.
2)
Abnormalities of visual perception
Children math learning disabilities often have trouble seeing objects in relation to
the group and set. Children often are not
able to distinguish geometric forms
3)
Visual-motor
associations.
Children are not biased counting
objects in the form of a sequential
number is citing. Child like this can give
the impression that they just memorize
numbers without understanding its meaning.
4) Perseveres
Children whose attention is attached to an object only in a
relatively long time.
5)
Difficulty to
know and understand the symbols
6)
Children often have difficulty in
recognizing and using mathematical symbols such
as +, -, =,>,
<, and so on.
7)
Body appreciation disorders
Children often show their
appreciation of body disorders. Child is
often wrong in putting that should be put in place.
8)
Difficulties in language and reading
Children in this often trouble solving
math problems in
terms of word problems.
9)
Performance IQ is lower than score verbal IQ
Children had IQ scores (Perform Intelligence Quotient)
is much lower than
the Silverback VIQ (Verbal Intelligence Quotient)[11]
Of which were dictated by Lerner above we can conclude that the children who have aggressive behavior which
is in the category of a relationship disorder,
why be like that because
these concepts provide
opportunities formation of other disorders. In a
child's learning problems associated with the
above characteristics may have one child or maybe all of them
owned. This is
related to the child's learning strategy that has been discussed
earlier also, when
children with active learning, which means that the
strategy used is the kinesthetic learning
strategies.
5. CONCLUDING REMARKS AND POLICY
RECOMMENDATIONS
So everything is tailored
to need. We as teachers must understand very well characteristic our students if need be one by one, but it was considered unlikely existence, because at
school we not
only teach 1
or 2 children
but some children
in the class
have a wide range of individuals who different
Similarly one another.
Immediately, we refer to the principles in teaching:
1)
Preparing children for learning mathematics
2)
Ranging from the concrete to the abstract
3)
Providing opportunities for children to practice and repeat
4)
Generalization into a new situation
5)
Departing from the strengths and
weaknesses of students
6)
The need to build a strong foundation of math concepts and
skills
7)
Provision of a balanced math program
Do not force a child with learning disabilities using the concept of learning
or learning strategies
are not appropriate for them. Because children
like it needs a little
extra attention. Because
actually it does not mean the child can not master
but our strategy
and analysis of
the lack of proper teachers for them.
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